Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that acts as a GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist. It blocks the passage of chloride ions through the GABA receptor, which disrupts the normal functioning of the insect’s central nervous system. This leads to hyperexcitation of the nerves and eventual paralysis and death of the target insects. Thiamethoxam belongs to the neonicotinoid class of insecticides. It acts as an agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the insect’s nervous system. By binding to these receptors, it disrupts the normal transmission of nerve impulses, causing paralysis and ultimately the death of the insects.